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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： & N* ?$ r; o+ f- |, R! [8 K) q
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* Y; U' ~, T3 _1 wTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第+ `. z* _# b- ^" m
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1 E, p% N5 c7 O. z' C, | Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。9 M! v- \/ M2 O! d, g0 A7 ]8 ]8 Ccolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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* S" I# a$ x% X" PTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。! P# K+ w% }; L3 U. y% x0 J
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' c j' Z1 `* fmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。, V! h, a' ?' @# p# `6 M' Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？" A( i0 x6 [$ t0 f! } k
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。' f& D' I' E4 o& z& M( I
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2 r1 y* ]$ D# O3 ~; vTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服, C3 _3 Z8 ]" }; |! q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢% c2 O- y# T: T9 o7 ?/ emso-font-kerning:0pt"> ! c x# |1 r' `/ F/ o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服: V- ?* `( _: @ v+ D& F9 _' f6 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">——4 e3 J' G) B% A9 g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的% |$ t7 T: `0 O- P7 V: J, N
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! u0 _, @: y$ X6 p3 H9 _Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白5 Q: `3 q# H- X/ j% tmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 9 n# g# i7 h- y2 h4 |7 I% U
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学( i0 R: h7 p% e; o Y4 Q# ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么. _" R }. ]8 S, A1 P/ a$ c/ c
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？: W5 s) Q' k, `# {+ D Umso-font-kerning:0pt">——6 p" g* m5 B, b; L3 q6 n7 q) C
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- p4 T5 t* P0 t+ m" V3 kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”6 t8 ?5 G0 m X$ U# i. n4 i v6 j, Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">—— b* W& E, U7 \) G7 y: C9 Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
1 g* K6 d9 V5 w$ a4 p6 L; r! ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说" E1 m+ z% z$ @$ o
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$ Q0 O5 h! P! B% t2 r' s( f! ?' {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。8 i9 }4 G7 G9 {. {6 G) _; Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">", D; O& a5 \! h. `# D: h
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1 B: C: k8 u1 m r8 U$ o5 Z: m) n( hTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以礼仪道德，民治而心服3 v/ _ `5 r4 V8 o# P2 Q; ~0pt"> 1 C9 ~* c! \$ S0 h) Q
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L `+ s% e0 OTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚! O/ O, ?) s/ C
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5 C. U* [/ b1 W Z, X5 b% e/ i% f7 ~- @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！" k1 C; g4 o4 L3 X) A
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( W) U) k0 L+ T3 I/ d; Q: wTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假8 Y7 W& |1 Z) R- n emso-font-kerning:0pt"> 2 _) \! I% E, Z; b* f
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是6 d( j! X; `( |4 o- ]) [+ r; F9 gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ w) m, Z4 A1 c7 W4 n+ \
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7 J, Y( e8 d0 A, N' X! J7 \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题! f" T( {8 b: @. Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 I; o( q! Z) x) ]$ i4 }) e2 q$ [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
* t5 j& v' S8 `& c% V+ Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。. B5 L! H9 s: b4 ^. ?* f1 s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴# t2 P( D+ f @9 _# M+ Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”# A- v" }# }; cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
2 n/ u! @% n" _$ Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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