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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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/ v% O0 N- N' u! p# @- {( E% sTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：8 m, V5 o# x4 Y3 V }1 d6 c
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第9 d! Q: }$ E9 j# ^& i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。8 M5 {: z+ G2 k! S8 f$ y2 p
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。3 V" `6 Y- [; X( B9 f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经) @3 Q: b- P& V/ T: b) u8 M: V3 n% |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。 i5 L2 L8 @( p6 }4 k. O. r: T& i
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是1 m2 |( E4 M4 P3 q( @( x0pt">‘! J" W) X6 x# j/ U1 l% s) w
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# ^+ v/ }# J" E5 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。. @5 _: R* f$ H" G* U
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6 S/ e7 A9 ^7 H5 q- VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？$ d! j! w* B, l/ V
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，) \3 ^) Z# B2 {. V
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐& w) y. } L- A$ _! X: l u- S( Y
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5 B& L; r B% ymso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种6 Z- c; A+ u9 X0 x& H: M; r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的8 {9 _2 k2 K0 Z0 G. c E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，8 f" G; ?7 W U6 {' H% `mso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 P$ S( r9 [3 Q8 ~& u$ O3 ?/ }
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* z; S6 Z* I0 K# K" N# T; Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗教7 Z" {2 J" w0 e$ j" b6 C: @$ Z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。1 X$ b; [; {5 @5 }
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: ~ o2 Y F2 j Y, WTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌/ m& @: k9 E! S( p/ P; F
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1 h' c0 |% W4 S4 g$ `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视9 G2 m6 s) ^/ k+ H4 d7 j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗, w0 e( X' W; b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：0 V1 J' H$ D) _mso-font-kerning:0pt">“! Q1 J" \. N( r/ n$ ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
& W& d# _& e. h% Y+ f/ i; vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。) d; ]2 |% x; h
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: }. o9 n. r4 D5 F G( ?9 Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语0 u' G+ c4 c: d5 n0 H( S! I* N" gmso-font-kerning:0pt">•+ x5 b% B' Q2 B; r, Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
# M' Z% R' V6 B0 s `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）+ u5 z6 G W; m
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7 p! Y" ]& A0 P1 jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。: L5 h6 y4 O4 l* ]7 w, u# |mso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 U: M3 r) {% t, S5 D( ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" U8 s8 `: w/ {/ z& L$ C
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语8 H; V! ]3 h- Z% l) L" t% E6 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">•# k9 T& z/ \& ~
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5 }0 \; [8 P. L, z6 b- kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过0 B% Z" p$ |7 @4 c- ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨, H2 N4 N" p1 k g/ `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人2 r/ J! k! F; V3 n4 i# S
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8 F+ Q; [; m9 e4 s' cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。2 W/ u9 N% }' K
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。2 L0 w' g$ U/ }1 ] O9 x- ~* Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">"& g0 v; w3 q& } {! [6 ?" F2 Z% _
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5 X4 `: r4 y; `( X# {- ~; Y4 \# X" ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。2 v, C m& C0 f/ G* i
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。! l$ o1 ~* Q7 O- [
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* ~# @6 q: G4 y9 L/ O( U- Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”# m; w! ]5 _$ M _$ K7 T" Smso-font-kerning:0pt">——3 S& ?2 U9 h/ }& x" R
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/ Q# K K" U x+ d8 [, Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。8 z) z" Y) \$ m _" s- |
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; m6 I. V, k2 {$ bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。2 g0 m) i- i5 F6 r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于6 [3 N% d+ X2 J) b) G; W" s) }# Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“, z; h8 C8 D1 v! h- Q' w2 S- h! j4 }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ F7 o3 x7 p! r a3 w
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' c! ]! m) R2 ?* r4 S+ Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓2 ~6 d0 s# K& @" jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& H6 z( A# l8 w9 ^( Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' @, w" v, A. s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓; W, `+ A/ ^: f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓) t: P' H7 p- }9 w/ e( D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓6 p. G* f3 L5 N. q
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/ j2 C' ^; S# o+ @ Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼* }0 z% |; i, f0 g: k C Q qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“# O& e3 ^, M/ Q& h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤! {- h! x2 |+ M; t
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7 Z1 j- Q/ n8 p+ c8 q; Q3 Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语7 T; @+ k$ p! i* O) ]0 I* q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能1 l0 ]$ f3 }) P- _ k; j% h# G4 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">“) |! H( H( a3 g! Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) ~# p' O4 G- T! M! k a6 u8 k4 S
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒/ Z; Q( ? F2 X3 _* l$ mmso-font-kerning:0pt">”& D' X: W+ [" ^. x0 ~
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人" b7 _( C, ]$ m; `; s4 C8 C) Q* o) }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪: d1 U% R. h! y Z$ z
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" \5 V0 f& i7 f! j( d& \" ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。8 e- Z2 Y' k* f: r
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( V5 {% n9 W2 M" V( L# ?2 F& oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。: K3 {2 T) C3 d( ^7 U0 _+ ~5 c
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+ ?2 D+ p* z1 {6 P& ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。: _# p4 d$ `- L1 H. v* n0 v
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1 v5 \# k2 ^, P0 {- Z2 \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱0 k; l* C4 G% k4 o# i" x! N
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2 }* D) G2 o/ u) m1 W8 xTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧$ t, z& X: z; p+ {7 z6 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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