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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网3 A7 S5 y6 s. M, ~. e6 [8 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ% D& r! e& V r' Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 C! p' Z# r7 G& p# R4 S& { t0 r! i8 r
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。2 z3 e0 h/ |* o, R6 m; d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第. Q/ J/ b5 }. X- y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：3 z( u) p. k8 X- ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 I3 a1 b8 e8 d0 d8 h5 c. A+ Umso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;0 \( G" X5 F x0 @3 Z7 _5 p, ]! P
mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。: s6 `8 p, ?6 `) ~& f; \2 w
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：9 F6 d3 J' ^9 s6 T$ ~3 x
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. @2 Y( X0 t) ~. g5 pmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。4 z' d# _& o* }" w
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：! c3 g; I' O& |1 ]9 [4 n) |' ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 m# }/ T6 C& Q; b T
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* G( c* t6 ^# _( Emso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？" u8 \% _% o$ S/ e6 g' ?. hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 a9 _& ?6 ~+ Y) |mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。: B* R* p9 ^1 ` C5 k' {9 Fcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。& T$ m1 [- M0 X P k* }( r
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：! q1 r$ p6 T' D x
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4 D/ y+ i5 j! R2 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。; v: r, J' r7 y( y9 o. }
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- [3 W4 \5 _7 |( D) x, z+ Y( Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：7 d9 a6 |; f: l
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。0 U5 r6 i1 b8 @6 E, `9 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">"" t. x+ s0 E3 E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：: N4 g, H0 O5 {; V b1 O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢: J2 ?) F& o5 R. Y3 _ Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" 1 Z% L! O. y. n9 H6 r" t7 K. f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。. P* L- ?* U. ~) R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是. }7 m: [# M0 J! F/ P! l; m
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/ Q+ [7 j$ O% {5 @0 a* Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违, i& D$ L" c1 O: G
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得! p+ \3 N7 |. X& p1 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" Y! F/ E% g; ?4 Z( }1 b
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4 K3 d, \- Y) D4 _0 p- n, L; {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲) j9 _4 U( C& ^/ N- p* m1 K# J- @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，. i. V/ \7 O4 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ j+ N) z2 z8 M/ Q* e1 xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 s: Q8 Z4 c" {, \% f; O( Y
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。 \: {8 V) r; n% u/ R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。! ?0 c* f: l& q7 |+ \# S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？+ Q% X# T- h* }7 |8 O10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。0 a) V3 X7 U7 Z! l' i) c Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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, m$ |2 ^; @. F1 ?5 n9 nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义9 {& c$ C( |: a. r6 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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; |* D3 L5 K* G P0 ?) aTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！7 R& n% V! I/ R
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6 G7 s {; d6 v$ m2 h; Q! vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。& R* G) R4 C' C+ R& [! }% fmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述, K4 X4 x* g( i9 d
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$ A! Z& F$ ^% e# H3 Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊- j3 v' w, n. @( X# Y! o7 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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% {* G. v' S3 B) d9 q0 C( fTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。- Y6 i! ]) P3 r* P9 ^' R0 H9 V
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。 ~9 q! A* W0 J Q( Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">——) ~* Z5 [5 K5 `1 yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;0 a" }5 r& ] p. m+ S5 B+ p
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。3 R; e4 P$ d0 {' S4 y4 ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：( i; e$ u) t) |3 ]) C7 l; C/ Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ g" B' N, f& B7 B. U& `: I7 Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' H+ @3 N Q( h# Y8 M# |
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。1 M3 ]% w) C; G/ w/ imso-font-kerning:0pt">”" S7 x, [3 N* s& x4 B# dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
; H' C! n; Q7 Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个4 ]( e8 g2 o: |+ ?4 T5 s# P g
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f. Q: Q+ Y- ^5 kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬) r+ a* Z: c+ h1 Y& L7 amso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ [7 V* [5 X- E' t; q- Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
* u U5 \+ v# D1 Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为' x' _( z8 e0 x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道; F% Z6 y4 q9 L$ X( }% `& k- A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。# y: A* f2 c4 E U
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的) q$ K8 u: ^) I8 {mso-font-kerning:0pt">“* [7 i" t- @$ @4 k2 r( R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思* \; d+ d8 E/ s" B. X4 w* qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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