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! a3 J. s" @$ omso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, $ \, J% u! p4 l. w$ R4 \% P5 q0 \宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, 2 M6 @" v: P1 E" X1 ]( C( l/ e
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"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, : I) c7 E: } |" o) B5 I& c& P s
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,& f6 j1 a" i( D6 r
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
$ T; o# h$ s* J0 F"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。 ; ~, o V; H2 Q/ F1 T
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"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,
6 e: w1 B7 g7 z- L- F4 m% G }- e. o% [ f W, w1 O& Y, H$ q% G1 h7 Pmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, : u2 Q' w# P8 r V, {0 K% }
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, % h" M( V( u" F5 f
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"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, . r U, _) h( R2 p8 v ?: Amso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, * H0 D4 n& U. I1 b
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。 : Z) w, D' {2 n6 v' p
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果关系、由因揭果、由果溯因,1 `5 M+ @/ p a& I
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"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构 ( x0 `/ }/ k5 U& D- {7 _( K6 c
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, % ?/ T% d! T& Y宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ , g+ M& D- n+ p! _宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” " Y( o3 ~( D7 M; q/ @! c
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ . Z- Q" ?) W. Q' [: Z& K
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” % a$ w* z+ m' s$ ^, Q+ w
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, : s: j6 p0 u& m; q. X9 h- h B) Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
/ X7 M$ h7 `5 V# {! C( D% e"Times New Roman"">前者为因, 8 M/ z# m! F2 y& Smso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, - Q# R! [6 H1 Q& x3 |) g/ c7 N7 `
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"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,
6 }" Q# v& \4 u' m; ~8 P0 n( `0 @6 j5 v7 omso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, , D4 d/ J* n9 A' U0 O宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, # ?' M3 w; u) F& Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
. o* _/ I& Q& ?2 f0 |4 ]"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, 6 K/ w* m2 f6 H/ H3 P; J m宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: ( F1 x2 w0 w5 w) R% \6 o8 vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
0 f' [7 R7 f3 ^( U! a1 ]9 {" C"Times New Roman"">“ 5 }, L* t3 y1 b: f1 S7 M$ r+ J
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? 1 f+ P; v {6 j5 h0 l- Y宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” # C5 I3 Q) P% C, A宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, * d9 h3 o: T6 f" T6 H+ u, V8 X
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"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:
' T7 X+ [$ I) ~/ T% _1 G5 V+ K/ ]2 F. B7 _, D' o( E' d$ }# @( y4 S, W) ]mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。 3 r9 ?& H* V! {
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车, ]+ S" H9 z9 B; j. vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:. ~3 r7 j" z c2 K0 U4 [
"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,' n$ w- b& F5 R+ l: B1 S: X
$ j8 W9 X$ N* Y5 m) \% |& Smso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, # t2 ?$ ^9 m: z7 y/ n7 Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
7 A# I5 _0 }) m"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, 1 t/ r' ?9 A$ }$ n0 `+ r0 n* e4 Y N
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 + |7 q' r. l2 j! B/ Q$ v
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里+ w/ C B& E6 W# ~7 Y( o1 d
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 - \9 n, P( l3 p, F# d1 ^mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元(; Y( L! B% {2 ?. x宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), 8 @2 h& z( s6 d* a# }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
/ g( J0 Z0 z$ m"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用& E2 G* p8 _* Z; @7 X, K12.0pt">, & r" j8 C9 D& v4 k" h- b
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, 0 e. n' I% P2 o$ qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:6 U' S: y6 F. X9 W! H
"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, 0 y$ z6 ]2 _& d) p3 w/ \# c2 Umso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!( L4 w& ]* Z ^0 [* h+ P {宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, ( Z; W+ V( E1 Y) q: u5 y3 g3 bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
6 C+ p# I) s8 ~" b/ ]. l"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: % M3 _/ R4 g3 Q; Mmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, 0 w# n" a j1 B* O
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, 0 M; D' Q% }! W0 e$ ^( \
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">千军万马挤火车”2 j1 l, e9 n+ p12.0pt"> ! v' q( J% r$ z9 k- D# p$ e
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& {& C4 k l. G* b1 kmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个结果合乎逻辑, ^, C' e: W* i( z8 C, ]& T) F* \宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, 4 f! r7 k6 a% [8 lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:( J3 i( X# E: U/ E0 l6 ^: |
"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, 7 c$ I/ b& [6 c* f' D# l
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, * L, o/ x# l0 m$ c$ D宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, ( x( L" H3 D/ a! Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
/ L5 Q5 `3 _/ p: l+ b"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ 3 W I. j# m& K5 ]
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” ( T( r9 D; x' r宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。 5 w% q1 V) @) T& L T
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1 f" U# U3 u' n1 E"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构 # j p1 t6 i' p
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9 ]8 b+ t- h' p" `& p3 x5 Y( r"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,
1 s1 D9 y: W1 a& p, B- Y8 a) P! I% Z) O6 Zmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, " O; J1 y5 [$ G# M& E/ v( O! r" v& ]3 Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:3 a) P+ H; M% f, x
"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,, `# P& d3 w+ O4 s宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, ' X6 ]3 Q1 I* ^2 W; `
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"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题8 l% i; o8 H3 o- M
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! o& j4 l# |2 I, E; U9 v+ v) g"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才" }2 f6 h/ ~# q; q9 x3 V8 c
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, / l5 R7 O8 S4 Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:2 j2 x: p' `% O7 E
"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; : K: o- ^. F* Omso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, % _+ m+ \+ G8 O2 m宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, 2 d- {" _) U. }
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"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题2 A) o% J; W) O% {0 @' u1 d12.0pt">; 0 W+ ~9 o' a7 j* z' b- o9 _/ @+ r"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, * y5 i5 G8 h# \. pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
8 W# F9 z) N- h( U$ v! H T"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求! j# u/ {* f$ t( ?
12.0pt">: & m2 V+ R; E/ j) B/ J8 I# }"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; 9 n1 E( ]" {$ ]# Z! {
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6 C, z3 m' g* y1 d"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, ; s, C0 q2 y9 y1 j E$ A+ r7 Smso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, 7 G: S4 C5 R/ sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
( V. @, ~ {! b7 J"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统, k& y- _9 J, X12.0pt">: ) R ^9 G% J+ a5 A0 S u
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ ; T. M4 d/ B; b& ~/ z& N/ k宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” ' X. V5 Q( p( \* b, ^% U
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕 2 t D, U6 `" O `
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">总分关系、先总后分、先分后总,5 [3 y+ {% l5 i4 n5 i0 {
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"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构
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"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, 7 y2 K' h* w9 U3 N
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, 8 y# `) M1 s9 t/ q# @: E! @% }) ]! [6 Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:& I" @" D( B+ U" o( i6 }6 u# I4 M" T n
"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,
. z0 Y# G7 e0 j2 R u8 L* n) U5 @) T+ p2 gmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, ! C* w/ n, m2 _6 p1 a( l" x! ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
; g! x. @: w" l/ s- _1 c! g"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, 7 l! @1 x( S3 Z0 g( S
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, 9 \/ R# {( ^% |6 q0 U) ]* n宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: " c( M# [8 q; I7 f2 V1 R9 {
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:, z/ l4 w% D7 b2 n% N" q- i
"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, 7 [# k/ Q, V2 j& T9 Mmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, b1 N- z q5 ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:! H4 o6 |0 |' ^- L
"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, ) f0 c4 P8 d8 ^/ k# f- Y0 W
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。 # b/ o$ E: S2 K f% F: X
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9 L$ B2 C8 Q0 g. s6 B( D5 i6 M- j. ? E; Kmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,2 U5 q" d' r* m3 C' Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
. m c! d% Y: C$ N1 w"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定+ p9 w( k% w* L* `2 R; U6 \' h2 h1 E12.0pt">, 7 C* u4 q" A' Y5 X8 i
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, # J, w l# p0 A( m, N+ h& y, ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
+ c% E$ T! \$ L; _"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:; i- _8 A; n {) k2 R
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, " T m3 O( e- v8 w6 i T宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, 2 w$ j5 G* R' ]1 mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:2 [1 }) O; x/ w/ G
"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, * Y0 s6 Q4 p H4 N" _4 {mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, ' S* O7 c9 L6 ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:. ?' ]3 d0 x0 |: f- s
"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: 0 |# V# w/ ~7 S1 j9 v
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ # t! H3 E! L+ E6 J宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, % ^( `* g; p- ^; |2 Z1 O5 M& Q: U
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:1 a. Z3 t" B8 v P
"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
